2/9/2023 0 Comments Ck2 de jure duchies![]() ![]() As mentioned above, such a duke was styled Herzog (literally "the one who is leading "). ![]() These were Schwaben (Swabia, mainly the present-day German state of Baden-Württemberg), Bayern (Bavaria), and Sachsen (Saxony) in pre-Carolingian times, to which Franken (Franconia, at present the northern part of the German state of Bavaria) and Lothringen (Lorraine, nowadays mostly part of France) were added in post-Carolingian times. They formed the nuclei of the major feudal states that comprised the early era of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation (961-1806 in German: Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation). The medieval German stem duchies ( German: Stammesherzogtum, literally "tribal duchy", the official title of its ruler being Herzog or "duke") were associated with the Frankish Kingdom and corresponded with the areas of settlement of the major Germanic tribes. In France, a number of duchies existed in the medieval period including Normandy, Burgundy, Brittany, and Aquitaine.
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